The Ethical Dilemma Of Artificial Nutrition And Hydration...

In this paper the writer will describe the ethical dilemma of artificial nutrition and hydration in terminally ill patient. Artificial nutrition is very important in terminal ill patients in their end stage of life. It is very helpful to provide nutrients and fluids to the patient who is unable to take it by himself. In palliative units, AHN help to enhance the comfort and quality of care of patient. The purpose of this paper is to narrate how ethical issues can become challenging for health professional, patient and their family members. In following paragraph the writer will explain the ethical dilemma in relation to Islamic view, patient with advance stage of Alzheimer’s disease, permanent vegetative state, nurses and physician opinion on AHN, nurses and physician provide AHN according to their culture beliefs. The theme of following literatures is that to stop or discontinue the artificial nutrition and hydration because it is not much beneficial for patient with advanced disease conditions. In first finding, there are many factors that influence decisions about withholding and â€Å"withdrawing artificial nutrition and hydration include the attitudes, religious beliefs, and cultural identity of the patient, family, and healthcare providers; the cost of treatment; legal issues; and ethical and moral considerations† (Sami, 2014). In this, ethical issues occur between health professional and Islamic patient family member. In the palliative care unit doctors mainly focus toShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Artificial Nutrition On Health Professionals981 Words   |  4 Pagesand water. While it is known that adequate fluid and nutrition is needed for survival, many health professionals are currently going through an ethical dilemma of whether or not to provide artificial tube feeding for patients with terminal diseases. This ethical decision that affects health professionals must take into consideration the recent research that opposes ANH for this population. These studies have demonstrated that artificial nutrition provides higher risk of medical complications, increasedRead MoreAn Ethical Case Study On End Of Life Care2332 Words   |  10 PagesTo Feed or Not to Feed: An Ethical Case Study on End of Life Care Before the advancement of medical technology to prolong the lives of patients with lethal conditions, end-of-life care did not involve many discussions of ethics or morals. Even just a hundred years ago, it was common to speak of letting nature run its course. Today, patients and their relatives have many more options to utilize medical devices in hospital intensive care units to prolong life, whether that entails resuscitation, ventilationRead MoreTube Feeding Prolonging Life2291 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract This paper is written to discuss the ethical dilemma we come across when asking our self whether or not we should place a tube feeding in a patient with a history Alzheimer’s or Dementia. Will this prolong the patients’ life or just the inevitable death? Most often a decision needs to be made regarding the placement of a tube feeding. The question is not initiated by the patient themselves. This is the reason why educating our patients are so important. In this paper I will discussRead MoreThe Management Of Nutrition And Hydration3048 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction This assignment has been structured to demonstrate the management of nutrition and hydration in end of life care. In this learning utilising the reflective frame work of Driscoll, 2007, I will critically explore and analyse the management of end of life care in relation to management of a patient’s nutrition and hydration, identifying potential elements and their impacts upon care delivery. As a health care practitioner, my role towards end of life care involves communicating with patientsRead MoreWithdrawal of Treatment in End-of-Life Care2003 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Introduction In their day to day undertakings, health professionals encounter a variety of ethical problems. One of these problems has got to do with decision making most particularly at the end of life. An ethical dilemma in this case could emanate from the best course of action to adopt when it comes to the management as well as treatment of patients at the end-of-life. It is important to note that in some instances, treatment may be withheld or withdrawn if it does not enhance the patientsRead MorePersonal, Cultural And Spiritual Values862 Words   |  4 Pagesprofession requires integrity of its members; that is, a member is expected to do what is considered right regardless of the personal cost (13). Because nurses deal with the most fundamental human events – birth, death, and suffering- they encounter many ethical issues surrounding these sensitive areas. Nurses can make better moral decisions by thinking in advance about their beliefs and values and about the kinds of problems th ey may encounter in caring for their clients (201). This paper discusses the professionalRead MoreEssay on Community Health Nursing Case Review1664 Words   |  7 Pagespressure sores at the sacral area. Her condition got progressively worse and the client is unable to swallow. So the nursing home director asked the family to start a feeding tube and the family denied. I believe the health personnel are in an ethical dilemma. On one hand, the rule of Autonomy states this is the right of the person to make one’s own decisions. Because the client is not competent to make decisions, she appointed the family to do so. The health care personnel have to honor the principleRead MoreAdvance Directives: Patient End-of-Life Decisions1710 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology today has come a long way. Numerous life prolonging procedures are available that can extend a person’s life where once they would have expired. Kidney dialysis, chemotherapy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CP R), feeding tubes, intravenous hydration, and ventilators are but a few of these means for extending one’s life. The choice between quantity versus quality of life is complex, and not one that should be left up to chance. In 1990, Congress passed the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)Read MoreShould Scientists Create Artificial Living Things?1939 Words   |  8 PagesShould Scientists Create Artificial Living Things? My personal opinion is, no. I feel as if scientist should not create artificial living things. Artificial designed machines usually wear out with use, especially if you keep them running for so long without maintenance. In humans organisms, they will typically renew their parts until death (Douglas, et.al,2013). The creation of artificial living things need to be designed to benefit others for it to be considered ethical. Depending on your beliefRead MoreThe Dilemma Of Children With Critical Condition1709 Words   |  7 PagesTragic Dilemma in Children with Critical Condition Despite of the increasing knowledge in healthcare and bioethics, care for critically ill children remains understudied in Canadian contexts. The prevailing theories in ethics, primarily ethics of justice, do not adequately address the complex moral problems involved in the care of vulnerable children. Patients often find themselves in a distressing situation with two unfavorable options. In a tragic dilemma, health care professionals must guide

The Influencs of Mexican Drug Cartels on Every Day Life in...

EQ: How have Mexican cartels changed life for the everyday person in Mexico and what can the government do to stop their influence for future generations? The Mexican drug war has been going on for many decades now affecting many generations. Drug trafficking has gain more power by its sinister leaders that maintain power at all cost. This affects how mexico is perceived in the United States and rest of the world. The drug cartels have been taking advantage of Mexicans poor education rates to persuade young Mexican males to joying their cartel in order to keep power. As longs the main leader arent capture the cartels are going to keep on controlling Mexico. The Mexican drug war has been going on for about two decades creating such a prosperous business for its leader and main partnerships. This has created a society in which people live in fear and consternation since the cartels have started a fight to be the most powerful and dominating cartel in Mexico. The Mexican government priority shouldnt be a reform on its education programs to try preventing its youth to fall on hands of the deadly cartels. Drug trafficking has been going on in Mexico for a long time caused by economic instability among Mexican population but it has also been sparked by its neighbor country laws and prohibitions. The United States prohibition on alcohol of the 1920’s that eliminated the consumption of alcohol to prevent crimes and alcoholism. The United states created the unpopular

Ethics and the Oil Industry Free Essays

As the US Economy continues to dive, unemployment persists at a level not seen since the Great Depression, and the US Federal Government sees fit to continually bailout big business, it escapes logic why the cost of oil once again, is on the rise. The US oil companies would have us believe it has to do with the Middle East oil producing nations cutting back on production, therefore raising the price. The energy traders at the New York Stock Exchange shrug it off to supply and demand. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and the Oil Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many theorize that America has billions of surplus barrels of oil. I believe it is pure greed from these entities. With so many Americans struggling to survive and just keep food on the table, would it not be ethical to enact a type of moratorium on fuel prices? With the Freedom of Information Act working in full force, it is simple to find information on the World Wide Web that most industries would rather not have located. Take for example, the oil industry. As the price of gas at the pump changes daily, US oil companies continue to rake in huge profits. Even in the wake of the recent oil spill which has had a global affect, BP Oil, â€Å"the London-based company earned $1. 9 billion from July through September, compared with $5. 3 billion a year earlier. But the fact that BP returned to profits at all, coming after a loss of $17. 2 billion in the second quarter, indicated the company’s operations remain solid despite the spill† (Wardell, 2010). This company set aside $40 Billion for the pending lawsuits and cleanup and helping to restore the affected economies. I do not know, how about dropping the price at the pump if the company really wants to effectively help out? It is speculated this spill will be felt for years to come. I wonder how many remember the Exxon Valdez spill caused by a drunken ship captain†¦ As congressional leaders begun having many meetings to discuss this issue, the oil company CEOs continue to lay claim a huge percentage of the profits (of course no dollar figure was given), is for creating new energy sources, really? Where are the charts and PowerPoint diagrams that consumers can review to ease our minds while we are again, paying between $3. 00 and $4. 00 for a gallon of gas? I find it interesting that when asked, not one executive was forthcoming with information related to the quarterly dividend payments to the stockholders. I am always flabbergasted by the laundry list of excuses these executives dribble out of their mouths. Two of my personal favorites are, 1: Twice a year, each oil company shuts off part of their refinery distribution for routine maintenance. Sure enough, for two to four weeks the price of a gallon of gas will jump 10 to 20 cents. What I find interesting is when the price starts to drop again; why does the price not drop the entire amount of the increase? I have personally watched several of these inquisitions on the C-Span channel. I wonder why during the Senate/oil company meetings, this question is never asked. 2: The oil producing countries are cutting production to inflate prices. I think the United States Government believes the American public is clueless as to what is really going on. The congressional leaders raise their voice and appear to grill the oil execs with questions and when the meeting is over, it is a slap-on-the-wrist and â€Å"stop doing that! †, and life continues as it does. The Senate meeting appears to have been nothing more than a â€Å"dog and pony† show for the American public. Society needs to remember that congressional leaders do not have to pay for their own fuel. It continues to beg the question, who is watching out for the rest of us that do have to pay at the pump? It certainly will not be the futures traders at the New York Stock Exchange. For those who do not understand futures, this is when traders speculate on the price of specific commodities such as Gold, Orange Juice and oil. Traders buy or sell based on what they believe will be the price by a certain date. Based on this type of fabricated speculation, the value of the dollar and supposed turmoil around the world, this can have a serious effect on the price of oil, or so we are lead to believe. â€Å"In California, over a 21 month period, October 2006 to June 2008, a gallon of gas rose from $2. 29 to $4. 59 a gallon† (Herszenhorn, 2008). On a network-news website in Tallahassee, Florida, the lead article said, â€Å"Congress is poised to investigate what role speculators are playing in rising gas prices. It went on to say, â€Å"The prices keep climbing. The price at this Tallahassee station was 10 cents cheaper just six days ago. Panama City stations are even worse where the price of gas Monday jumped 10 cents a gallon just Monday afternoon. † (Ray, May 2008). In April of 2008, Governors from several states called on the White House, the Energy and Justice Departments to begin an investig ation into insider trading, illegal price fixing and speculator manipulation. This included collusion within the oil companies. Amazingly, by November 24, 2008, a gallon of gas was $1. 71 a gallon. Everyone was so relieved of the incredible price drop, no one bothered to ask the oil companies how it was possible that gas could drop $2. 87 a gallon in five months when it took 21 months to increase $2. 30. I suppose we will never know. I suppose I would not fret if I was one who had a lot of stock in any oil company. For all the posturing the US Congress seems to have perfected to an art form, there are still many unanswered questions when the discussion surrounding energy and oil surface. In a New York Times article, the overall point was once again, no concise ideas of how to deal with the price of oil situation. Of course, the article talked about a lot of finger pointing towards OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries). The article stated, â€Å"High on the list of Congressional Democrats own proposals is an eight-year old bill first introduced by Senator Herb Kohl of Wisconsin in 2000, that would classify the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries as an illegal monopoly in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act† (Herszenhorn, May 2008). It went on to say, â€Å"The Republicans, meanwhile, recycled some of their old proposals to increase domestic production, with bills that would allow drilling in the Arctic, as well as in the Atlantic and Pacific, and would mandate increased production of fuel derived from coal† (Herszenhorn, May 2008). All we hear is more rhetoric and no ideas how to help the consumer. This is not only an ethical issue; it points the arrow of social responsibility to the Government that should have the American public’s best interests at heart. As of this month, November 2010, â€Å"The number of unemployed persons, at 14. million, was little changed in October. The unemployment rate remained at 9. 6 percent and has been essentially unchanged since May† (BLS, November 2010). And yet, fuel prices still continue to rise. In Addition, the environment will continue to suffer as talks continue about drilling in North America to distance ourselves from foreign oil. Unable to locate t he article, my father told me about a news article he read several years ago that came from the oil industry. The premise was if the US no longer needed foreign oil or were to even be able to cut usage by one third, the global economy would fall apart. It sure is hard to believe that every time I pull up to the pump to fill the tank†¦ It would seem from not just a national perspective but also a global perspective, we as consumers are in a situation that will never change. As consumers look to the Federal Government to reign in the oil companies, the price at the pump continues to rise. It is difficult to know who is lying and telling the truth as it relates to oil. In addition, what becomes the cutoff point when I am deciding what price I am willing to pay at the pump? It seems clear that our government will not be helping to curb oil price increases. OPEC will continue to do as they see fit and the US oil companies will raise prices as every holiday approaches and/or for whatever reason they see fit. Does it really matter? When it comes to the price of oil, the consumer cannot get the straight truth out of anyone. As we continue to read in the news about the push for alternative energy sources, the discussion continues among my friends that getting away from oil will probably never happen, in our lifetime. How to cite Ethics and the Oil Industry, Papers

I Know WhyThe Caged Bird Sings Essay Summary Example For Students

I Know WhyThe Caged Bird Sings Essay Summary I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By: Maya Angelou When I started reading I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, I thought that it was a little boring at first but I thought that it was about a young African-American girl who tells her troubles in life as she grows up. I changed my mind about my thoughts on this book because I started reading it more I began to like it better and I was more into the book. My favorite part of the book was when Maya started to open up to the world again and began by doing so by talking to Mrs. Bertha Flowers. I was confused by why Margaret and Bailey were sent back to stamps after the incident, with Marguerite being raped, with Mr. Freeman. Because if their parents loved them and could now afford to support them why couldnt they now stay with them? I was surprised when Mr. Freeman had began to sexually abuse and rape Maya because I didnt think that he would do such a thing to his girlfriends daughter, and who would have thought that hed be such a cruel person to do that to a young helpless girl that didnt know right from wrong at the time. I predict that Maya will finally fully overcome her rape and live a better life. I liked the way the writer put a lot of emotions into her writing because it tells a lot about the character and how the character feels. I didnt like that Marguerite and Bailey were sent to Mommas because their parents couldnt take care of them because children should feel loved and wanted by their parents and a real family should stick together through thick and thin no matter what. If I wrote this book I would change the way that Bailey became distant from Maya because they had such a special bond, and a bond like that between brother and sister shouldnt have deteriorated like that. This book reminded me of a scared and lonely, helpless child who was raped by someone she trusted and didnt know that it was wrong at the time. I would like to read another book by this writer because she deals with many things that our true and real in our society. I would recommend this book to a friend because its a good book to read to understand what rape can do to a young child both emotionally and physically, which doesnt just happen to young children but to teenagers and adults also. This book made me feel sorry for Maya for the hardships she went through going up especially being raped and not knowing what to do about it at all. This book made me think a lot about racism, sexual abuse and rape of a young girl, and the strong beliefs in Christianity in African-American life. This book made me realize that rape has a major effect on a young girl and it then leads the person into a different life then they would have. Also, that racism was a lot different and harder to deal with then. While I was reading I pictured a young African-American girl who was raped and decided to shut the world out of her life but to later grow and let the world back in her life and start to be happy again. The most important thing about this book is that it tells about how rape to a young child can affect their life. Id like to tell the writer that she did a very good job in writing this book and that I admire her for writing about her life and the hardships shes gone through. Id like to ask the writer what happened to her and her son later on in life. .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f , .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f .postImageUrl , .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f , .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f:hover , .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f:visited , .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f:active { border:0!important; } .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f:active , .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubf887a8111f9927e64ac9730ef150b3f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Karl Marx Argumentative Essay And did it help a lot more to tell your story to others and get your feelings out about your hardships. If I were Momma, I wouldnt have let Maya go back to visit her mother because I would have been a little scared that the same incident as last time would have happened, even though Mr. Freeman is dead I would still be worried. Also, I would have shown Marguerite and Bailey some more affection towards them. What happened in this book was very realistic because many children are sexually abused and raped in this day in age and racism is still going on today. My least favorite character was Mr. Freeman because he sexual abused and raped young Marguerite, when she didnt know that he was doing something very wrong to her at the time. I admire Momma for taking care of Marguerite and Bailey when no one else would. One thing Ive noticed about the authors style is that she expresses what the characters are feeling and how they try to deal with certain situations. If I could be any character in this book, I would be Momma because she took care of Marguerite and Bailey when no one else could or would and she was always there for people when they needed her. I agree with the writer about how racism is an ongoing problem in the world and people should just accept it and deal with it respectively and that rape and sexual abuse are also major factors today that can be very hard to deal with especially if its a young victim. I think the title is a good choice for this book because it seems that shes telling us that she knows why rape and racism are problems today because she herself had to deal with them in the past. A better title for this book would be My life of love, trials, and tribulations: A story by Maya Angelou because this book was an autobiography of Maya Angelou and the hardships that she went through as a child, teenager, and adult and the love that was shared throughout her life. I would change the ending to tell what happened later on in life to Maya and her son. In my opinion, the most important paragraph in this book is My race groaned. It was our people falling. It was another lynching, yet another Black man hanging from a tree. One more woman ambushed and raped. A Black boy whipped and maimed. It was hounds on the trail of a man running through slimy swamps. It was a white woman slapping her maid for being forgetful. This is an important paragraph because just one fight between a black man and a whit man is the basis of the African-Americans hope of freedom. Momma reminds me of myself because like her Im always or mostly there for people when they need me. Annie Henderson Momma reminds me of somebody I know because its reminds me of my grandmother who at a young age, her and her brothers and sisters, were sent to a orphanage after her mother died and her father could not take care of them anymore. And, when she was old enough to leave the orphanage she then got a job and supported her younger sister and older brothers and her father. And to this day she is a very supportive and loving person. If I could talk to Maya, I would say that I think shes a very brave person, whom I admire, to deal with her rape and also dealing with racism. When I finished this book, I still wondered what happened to her and her son later on in life. Did she ever find happiness and get married? This book was similar to other books by this writer because it had to do with similar things that go on in our society. I think the main thing the writer was trying to say is that rape is a very hard thing for a young child to deal with and they need to feel loved and wanted and not that they feel dirty to you. Also, that racism was hard on our society then and it still is sometimes today.

climate Essays (589 words) - Olio Doliva, Macchia Mediterranea

INTRODUZIONE AL CAMBIAMENTO CLIMATICO L?attenzione di alcuni scienziati del Gooddard Istitute ? da tempo caduta sul cambiamento climatico che sta avvenendo sulle sponde del Mediterraneo . Confrontando i risultati dei principali modelli climatici i ricercatori hanno delineato i possibili impatti sul raddoppio dell?anidride carbonica(CO2). La regione che si affaccia sulle sponde mediterranee,e quindi risente della macchia mediterranea(0),? caratterizzata da stagioni miti e non estremizzate ;qui si produce il 60% dell? olio d?oliva ,il 45% dell? uva, il 20% di agrumi e il 12% dei cereali ma tutto ci? potrebbe cambiare perch? il bacino potrebbe essere colpito da condizioni climatiche tropicali, e il regime delle piogge trasformarsi , con periodi di siccit? alternati a periodi di piogge intense e tempeste , le quali scaricheranno enormi quantit? d?acqua in pochissimo tempo, il terreno non riuscir? ad assorbirle. E sconvolgendo questo ciclo, circa il 30% del territorio italiano rischia di trasformarsi in deserto e come esso anche tutte le coste del sud europeo e del nord Africa. L? aumento del livello del Mediterraneo sar? di almeno 20 centimetri investendo in Italia Venezia, il delta del Po, le coste basse dell? Adriatico ,della Toscana e del Lazio: migliaia di chilometri di coste italiane diventeranno sempre pi? vulnerabili a burrasche e tempeste. Mentre per quanto riguarda le culture di ulivo e limone si sposteranno pi? al nord, e i cereali subiranno effetti negativi su larga scala per colpa del mutato ciclo idrico. Per quanto riguarda il cambiamento degli ecosistemi dipender? dalla velocit? con cui tutto ci? accadr?. Quanto all? umanit? ci si attende che si proponga un ulteriore divario tra le popolazioni del sud del mondo e quelle del nord del mondo. I paesi industrializzati troveranno i modi per far fronte a questi cambiamenti, mentre i paesi pi? poveri pagheranno a caro prezzo questo stravolgimento e poco cambier? se ?l?impronta umana?(cio? come influisce l?uomo sull?ambiente da lui insediato) ? stata individuata oppure no perch? le loro condizioni potranno solo peggiorare. CAUSE CAMBIAMENTO CLIMATICO Oggi ? chiaro che i cambiamenti climatici, e dunque il riscaldamento globale, stanno minacciando interi ecosistemi(1), mettendo a repentaglio anche la nostra vita a causa dell'aumento dell'intensit? e della frequenza dei cosiddetti "eventi estremi" (uragani, alluvioni)e l?uso spropositato di combustibili fossili ha portato a un aumento dell?anidride carbonica(CO2) In pi? abbiamo altre cause del cambiamento climatico: Inquinamento industriale:vengono liberati nell?aria anidride solforosa, piombo, ossidi di azoto, zolfo e tantissime altre sostanze tutte fortemente nocive per le piante, gli animali e l?uomo stesso; Inquinamento da autoveicoli(smog):vengono liberati nell?aria ossido di carbonio , ossido di azoto , piombo e idrocarburi non completamente bruciati. L?ossido di carbonio in dosi elevate ? mortale, l?ossido di azoto provoca bronchiti e contribuisce alla formazione delle piogge acide, il piombo causa seri danni ai vari organi vitali e gli idrocarburi sono altamente cancerogeni(questo inquinamento interessa principalmente le citta dove ? stanziato l?87% della popolazione); Inquinamento da impianti di riscaldamento:vengono liberati nell?aria anidride solforosa, fumo e altre sostanze tossiche che contribuiscono alla formazione delle piogge acide. Tutte queste sostanze rallentano il fenomeno della fotosintesi clorofiliana, reazione biochimica effettuata dai vegetali, con questa reazione le piante di giorno assorbono anidride carbonica e rilasciano ossigeno, mentre di notte il contrario oltre a ci? le foreste incamerano anidride carbonica invece di lasciarla libera nell? atmosfera cos? immagazzinano ogni anno met? della CO2 mondiale pi? o meno 3,000,000,000 di tonnellate ecco perche il disboscamento ? un fenomeno cosi distruttivo per l? ambiente..

Free Essays on Analysis of Gangs

Analysis of Gangs Gangs are a violent reality that people have to deal with in today’s society. What has made these groups come about? Why do kids feel that being in a gang is both an acceptable awn prestigious way to live? The long range answer to these questions can only be speculated upon, but in the short term the answers are much easier to find. On the surface, gangs are a direct result of human beings’ personal wants and peer pressure. To determine how to effectively end gang violence we must find the way that these morals are given to the individual. Unfortunately, these can only be hypothesized. However, by looking at the way humans are influenced in society, I believe there is much to blame. On the surface, gangs are caused by peer pressure and greed. Many teens in gangs will pressure peers into becoming part of a gang by making it sound glamorous. Money is also a crucial factor. A young kid is shown that he/she could make $200 to $400 for small part time gang jobs. This amount of money causes gang life to look like a gold mine. Anyone could use this kind of many, and attempt to get it. Although these are important factors they are not strong enough to make kids do things that are strongly against their morals. One of the ways that kids morals are bent so that gang violence becomes more acceptable is the influence of television and movies. The average child spends more time at in front of a television set than he/she spends in a classroom. Since their minds are still working, they take in what is on the television and â€Å"learn† from it. Unfortunately, very few hours of television watched by children are educational. Many shows on television today are extremely violent. This shows children that gang life is exciting as well as acceptable. This is taught through many shows where the â€Å"good guy† captures the â€Å"bad guy† through violence and is then being commended. A young child sees this as ... Free Essays on Analysis of Gangs Free Essays on Analysis of Gangs Analysis of Gangs Gangs are a violent reality that people have to deal with in today’s society. What has made these groups come about? Why do kids feel that being in a gang is both an acceptable awn prestigious way to live? The long range answer to these questions can only be speculated upon, but in the short term the answers are much easier to find. On the surface, gangs are a direct result of human beings’ personal wants and peer pressure. To determine how to effectively end gang violence we must find the way that these morals are given to the individual. Unfortunately, these can only be hypothesized. However, by looking at the way humans are influenced in society, I believe there is much to blame. On the surface, gangs are caused by peer pressure and greed. Many teens in gangs will pressure peers into becoming part of a gang by making it sound glamorous. Money is also a crucial factor. A young kid is shown that he/she could make $200 to $400 for small part time gang jobs. This amount of money causes gang life to look like a gold mine. Anyone could use this kind of many, and attempt to get it. Although these are important factors they are not strong enough to make kids do things that are strongly against their morals. One of the ways that kids morals are bent so that gang violence becomes more acceptable is the influence of television and movies. The average child spends more time at in front of a television set than he/she spends in a classroom. Since their minds are still working, they take in what is on the television and â€Å"learn† from it. Unfortunately, very few hours of television watched by children are educational. Many shows on television today are extremely violent. This shows children that gang life is exciting as well as acceptable. This is taught through many shows where the â€Å"good guy† captures the â€Å"bad guy† through violence and is then being commended. A young child sees this as ...

Direct and e marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Direct and e marketing - Essay Example "The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location" (1). Furthermore, some kind of businesses cannot manage without the Internet technologies and e-commerce. This paper will argue that it is impossible to imagine modern marketing technologies such as direct and e-marketing without effective data protection and privacy laws. 2. Data protection and privacy laws play a very important role for business development today and determine the future development of direct and e-marketing. "Direct marketing is intrusive, both in relation to the privacy of personal behaviour, and into the privacy of personal data. The degree of sensitivity varies greatly, depending on the person, the data and the context" (2). Data protection and privacy laws vary in different countries, but there are some significant similarities concerning the issue. In the United States some data protection acts have been adopted. "Actions such as the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (FACT) and The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB Act) have combined to create a relatively thorough protection of both financial data and personal information" (3). Financial data and personal information protection are of great importance especially while using such marketing methods as direct marketing and e-marketing. Nonpublic personal information term is precisely determined and concerns many aspects of financial data, customer and seller information. "Nonpublic personal information collected includes, but is not limited to, data from the consumer, the consumer's transactions with a financial institution or its affiliate, from nonaffiliated third parties about the consumer's transactions with them and from credit reporting agencies" (3). This information is protected with the data protection acts indicated above. European Union has also recently adopted data protection principles. The 8th Data Protection principle provides that "Personal data must not be transferred to a country or territory outside the European Economic Area unless that country or territory has an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects" (4). The UK also adopt data protection acts, but "Many are also commenting that the UK has inadequately implemented the Electronic Privacy Directive (2002/58 /EC), resulting in too lenient a treatment of persons who send unsolicited commercial email ('spam') in the UK" (4). So, the UK data protection policy needs to be improved, as well as in France: "The French Data Protection Authority, Commission Nationale de L'Infortmatique et des Liberts ("CNIL"), has ruled that an email service provided by Rampell Software, a Florida-based company, is illegal, as it breaches French data protection law" (4). But later, in May 2003, the UK legislation changed:" The most controversial aspect of the legal changes is the new regulatory regime for email marketing.

Answer some question form some lectures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer some question form some lectures - Essay Example By measuring and assessing the routines tasks of employees, the manager establishes the path of performance and progression for the workers (Armstrong, 2000). 3. A high performance organization is achieved by means of establishing and placing effective HRM (human resource management) function. It is the effective HRM function that strategically drives the growth and progression of the organization. An effective HRM function is based with the concept of knowledge management. Managing and maintaining intellectual knowledge, corporate knowledge, institutional and structural knowledge, the HRM function invites success for the organization. It is strategic and effective knowledge management that enables performance of the organization (Deb, 2006). 4. A strategic HRM function can be evaluated by means of the level of progress and improvement the organization has shown after the function got established. If employees have the best work environment, they have the best wages designed and they have performance-based appraisals project that the strategic HRM function has increased the strategic value of the organization. The values of trust, cooperation and collaboration are further indications that the organization has made strategic growth and progress (Armstrong, 2000). 5. Job Analysis is one of the significant tasks of the HRM function. It is a functional task to understand the nature and the requirements of a specific task or job. Job analysis elaborates the requirements of a specific job, the skills and qualifications needed to perform that job. Job analysis actually understands the relativeness of a worker on a specific task position. Placing right man to the right job is one significant outcome of job analysis operation. Analyzing the job of a HR manager, it can be said that planning and coordination are ultimate skills required for this designation. If a HR manager holds strong

Legal DISCUSS unit 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Legal DISCUSS unit 6 - Essay Example This tea house business would be a good example of a business that could have a â€Å"no tattoo† policy since the waitresses tattoo seemed to make the customers uncomfortable; however, this needed to be a stated policy prior to the waitress getting a tattoo in order for her dismissal from her job to be legal. In this example, so much attention paid to her boyfriend is irrelevant. The reason she got a tattoo and her outside influences are irrelevant. Her boyfriend hanging around her work place is relevant enough to be included on her evaluation, which it was, but it really has nothing to do with the discrimination she encountered due to her tattoo nor did it have any bearing on her dismissal from her job. It is important to include as many details as possible when writing up legal cases and taking notes and then later evaluate what is relevant and what is not. In this case, the meeting notes were written to include all the details, which is as it should be, but when determining the facts of the case, the issues with her boyfriend are not relevant and if the case were to proceed to court, these facts would not need to be

Prejudice And Discrimination Against Indians Cultural Studies Essay

Prejudice And Discrimination Against Indians Cultural Studies Essay The population in Singapore is about 4.9 million people, 3.7 million people are Singaporeans and Permanent Residents while the rest are foreigners. The ethnic distribution of Singaporeans is as follows, 9.2% of Singapores population is Indians, 13.4% of Singapores population is Malays, 74.2 % of Singapores population are Chinese, while the remaining 3.2% of Singapores population are Eurasians. (http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/reference/sif2010.pdf) From the above mentioned statistics Indians are one the minority groups in Singapore while the Singapore population is dominated by the Chinese race. The following paper will highlight the racism against Indians in Singapore from the majority race which is the Chinese population. This topic has been chosen because the author has experienced racism in many forms from the Chinese population in Singapore, thus the author is able to relate to this topic better and give better suggestions to solve the problem on hand. According to Nadra Kareem, one of the major causes of racism is because of the skin colour, where the minorities are rejected by the society and suffer verbal abuse because of their ethnic background. (http://racerelations.about.com/od/understandingrac1/a/internalizedracism.htm) The following are two quotes taken from interviews (conducted by me) to strengthened Nadra Kareems statement. Vinodini, 25 I was about 13 years old when this incident happened, I went to the swimming school with my female group of friends. I and my friends did not really know how to swim, we just went for the sake to try out something new. My group of friends were wearing our swimming costume and we were about to enter the pool when a Chinese man said to his wife Charcoal coming inside the pool lets go. At that point I felt so insulted. I did not know whether to scold him or just simply run away to escape the humiliation. From that day onwards I lost the interest in swimming and I have never worn a swimming costume. The following statement illustrates the point that colour is a cause of racism, naturally swimming costumes tends to show more of the body and the Chinese man had to comment on her colour as charcoal. The respondents body is shamed by being referred to as charcoal (in relation to its black colour) and on a worse note the Chinese man felt that by the respondent entering the pool it meant that the man and his wife should leave the pool and that they cannot be in the same pool together. On a whole this incident is extremely damaging to Indians confidence in their body. Thevandran, 16 During primary school there was an incident whereby a Chinese boy from my class would cover his nose and encourage other students to cover their noses because he thought I was smelly and dirty. When I confronted him he told me that it was his parents who told him that Indians dont bathe at all. That day I convinced myself that I did not want to socialize with the Chinese. In both instances it can be noted that there are actually racially-motivated racism by the Chinese against the Indians in Singapore based on their colour. The multiple disgraceful terms such charcoal and dirty is mainly to mock the Indian body as inferior to theirs. Ardis C. Martin, M.D. states that if ones culture continues to be devalued it results in low self-esteem. (http://ap.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/32/4/338) In both cases above, the respondents felt insulted by the remarks that they received. Vinodini did not ever want to swim again while Thevandran did not want to socialise with Chinese to ease his pain. Top of Form Bottom of Form Section III WHY THIS PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION AFFECT SOCIETY AND IS IMPORTANT The racism of Chinese against Indians in Singapore should not be treated lightly and must be treated seriously. One only has to look back into Singapores history and remember of the two racial events that nearly tore apart Singapore The Maria-Hertogh Riots and 1964 Race Riots. On 11 of December 1950 the court decided to award custody of Maria Hertogh (who was raised by Muslims) her biological Catholic parents. Outraged Muslims protested the decision which eventually led to rioting when images showing Maria Hertogh kneeling before a statue of Mother Mary were published. Rioting in Singapore lasted 3days. Many properties were destroyed but more importantly 173 people were injured and 18 were killed. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Hertogh_riots) The 1964 Race Riots was a series of riots that took place in Singapore in July and September between Chinese and Malay racial groups. The racial violence killed 36 people and a further 556 people were injured. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_race_riots_in_Singapore) The following two events illustrate how racial conflicts can destroy Singapore. To deal with this situation the government has continuously and actively promoted racial harmony as the key pillar of the nation through various policies and measures emphasizing tolerance, understanding and respect among the different races and religions in Singapore. (http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20100429-213067.html) Singaporeans are also constantly regularly reminded in official speeches of the racial in events in Singapores history and how it threatened to engulf the nation in turmoil. (http://www.straitstimes.com/STI/STIMEDIA/sp/nationaldayrally2009/090817_hard_work_on_harmony.html) The situation in Britain/United Kingdom will now be discussed, whereby Indians there are one of the minority race groups and they are discriminated violently and viciously by the majority groups. Even though the situation in Singapore regarding the racism against Indians by the Chinese may be seem as tame as compared to the situation in Britain/United Kingdom, lessons has to be learnt from those countries to prevent our nations future from becoming bleak as Britain and United Kingdom. Section IV WHERE CAN WE START TO FIX THE PROBLEM Racism of Indians by the Chinese in Singapore results in marginalisation between the two groups and thus creates divide within the multi-racial society within Singapore. (http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20100429-213067.html) There are many measures put in place by the government to tackle the issue of racism between the different racial groups. During Mr Lee Hsien Loong National Day Rally speech in 2009 he mentioned about Singapores efforts at fostering harmony among the different races and religions. (http://www.straitstimes.com/STI/STIMEDIA/sp/nationaldayrally2009/090817_hard_work_on_harmony.html). The reason for doing so is to create social interaction between different races and thus promote cultural diversity among them. Examples to promote national integration between the different races include through promotion of public housing, national service, educational policies, the mass media and grassroots organizations. One such measure I suggest to tackle the issue of racism against the Indians by the Chinese is to implement a system in primary schools whereby for one day a Indian student will have to live a Chinese students house. The next day the Chinese student will have to live in the Indian students house. This thus creates the social interaction required to foster harmony between the different racial groups. The reason for implementing this system during primary school is because young children are impressionable and through interaction at this age it will continue a trend to interact with other races as they grow up. Martin Luther King once said I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. I totally agree with him, through the implementation of my idea it will help Chinese in Singapore to judge Indians based on their character and nothing else, thus creating a harmonious and multi-racial Singapore for all to see. (http://changingminds.org/analysis/i_have_a_dream.htm) THE END

Managers and the Process of Change Essay -- Business Management

Managers and the Process of Change The desperate call-to-arms, "Change or Die"— which can be heard echoing down the corridors of businesses everywhere — is evidence that leaders have recognised the need to change. Managers know that companies must be fast, flexible, responsive, resilient, and creative to survive. Most also know that current mind-sets, techniques, and tools are ineffective for creating such an organisation. These people are displaying the talents required to successfully negotiate change. They are aware of the limitations around or within themselves and are willing to learn the necessary skills required to succeed as change managers. Change is the process of moving from one state to another. Just as moving house requires the massive packing of furniture and other items, change requires just as much preparations to be successful. Most people do not like change, they like things to remain the same. Changes require more effort to adapt. It threatens stability and security and people fear that they will not be able to cope. Resistance is the natural defence to such perceived threats. A good manager has to be able to work with and overcome resistance he/she must be able to control the whole process of change. With this in mind, I have considered the role of the manager, what his/her function is and what skills are required to enable him/her to be a successful change manager. Function of Managers Fayol (1908) identified the functions of the manager as: 1. Setting objectives 2. Organisation 3. Motivation 4. Control or measurement 5. Co-ordination These functions are as true today as they were then, but I consider communication as the key to them. It is the essential function in successful change management. Drucke... ... Herts. Prentice Hall. Clegg et al. Palmer, G. ed. 1996. The Politics of Management Knoelwdge London. Sage Publications. Dawson, P. (1994). Organisational Change – A Processual Approach Newcastle upon Tyne. Athenaeum Press Ltd. Dove, R. Essay #051.3/99 in Automotive Manufacturing & Production, Gardner Publications, Revised 5/99. Dove, R. Essay #058. Paradigm Shift International - Originally Published 10/99 @ www.parshift.com Fayol, H. (1949). General and Industrial Management, London. Pitman. Hitler and His Henchmen 1999, The History Channel. Kotter, J.P. & Heskett, J.L. 1992. Corporate Culture and Performance. London. Pitman. Schneider, B. Leadership at the Edge of Chaos. Strategy & Leadership Magazine, Sept. 1997. Stewart, R. 1986. The Reality of Management. London. Pan Books. Vaill, P. The Quantum Organisation. Business Week online. Accessed 03/04/2000

Profit Maximization / Maximization of Shareholder Wealth Essay

The primary goal of financial management regarding corporations should be to maximize shareholder wealth on the whole. If management was to only concentrate on profit maximization, they would more than likely run their corporations into the ground. The very existence and concept of a corporation is beneficial to business in numerous ways. First and foremost, corporate status helps release management from possible enourmous financial liability issues. Second, shareholders are the key of checks and balances in a corporation. Management is wise to heed the concerns and needs of shareholders. The book uses a good example when referring to mergers. A merger in the future of a corporation could be viewed as a positive move – bringing more wealth, more talent and/or a larger consumer base. However, management could see the move as a negative one as they would have to possibly change roles and give up certain privledges they are accustomed to. Although the merger may bring the corporation positive growth, management could be reluctant to make the merge. This could be the case in a main goal of personal profit maximization. Without the merge, the company could lose steam and competitiveness and shareholder could lose in the end. It is important to note that shareholders may be employees of the firm who would become more loyal and efficient when they are rewarded financially. Shareholders financially invest in the corporation and if rewarded with good returns, will continue to invest generously. The more shareholders find value in a given corporation, the more likely they are to financially invest, which in turn gives the corporation more positive funds to grow business. Also, social responsibility may play a part in the maximization of shareholder wealth. If the public perceives a corporation as being socially responsible they may become more loyal customers. Knowing that a local corporation has taken steps toward pollution control would make me much more likely interested in consuming their goods as I would feel that I was aiding my community. More business from loyal consumers maximizes profits as well as shareholder wealth. Although the above example of pollution control may  cost more for the corporation than not deploying the controls, it would create a more loyal customer base. I believe that a loyal customer base is more beneficial to have than a fly-by-night customer. As shareholders are rewarded financially and P/E grows, corporations appear to be winning investments on the stock market. The more value customers perceive in a business, the more likely they are to financially support the institution.

The continuing foreign control over much of china, and ever-increasing influence of Japan doomed china for a state of political and social destress from 1911 to communist victory of 1914

The continuing foreign control over much of china, and ever-increasing influence of Japan doomed china for a state of political and social destress from 1911 to communist victory of 1914 On January first, 1912 the Republic of China was established, signaling the end of the Manchu-dominated Qing Empire. Sun Yat-sen of the Kuomintang, was proclaimed provisional president of the republic. However, Yuan Shikai, a former Qing general who had defected to the revolutionary cause, soon forced Sun to step aside and took the presidency for himself. For the years to come up until the Communist Victory in 1949, the Country of China was faced with various levals of policital distress. Increasing pressure from neighbour Japan, as well as the selfish betrayal of the Republics well being by political leaders Yuan Shikai and Chiang Kaishek lead to a testing time for the Country.Thanks to strong military backup, Yuan was officially swarn in as President of the Chinese Republic on the 10th of October 1913. He had gradually dissolved the provincial and national paliaments thus leaving him the unchallanged dictator of China.Yuan Shikai sworn in as Provisional President of t...Yuan was Th e President of the Republic of China for a short period of time, due to his death at age fifty-six of Kidney failture on June 6th 1915. Athough he was head of the Republic for around three years, This period of time was a major factor in China's social and political destress starting with World War One and The Twenty One Demands from their neighbouring island Japan.During The First World War only Japan had joined the war with the Allies against Germany and Austria-Hungry, thus meant Japan was in a position to seize the concessions that Germany had in China.Yuan Shi-kai was anxious to establish himself as an emperor and thorght the support of Japan would help him reach his goals. When Japan fronted the Twenty One Demands in 1915 he accepted the main demands, resulting in nationwide protest. The Chinese people were outraged when...

Facts of the Pre-Historic Predator Hyaenodon

Facts of the Pre-Historic Predator Hyaenodon Name: Hyaenodon (Greek for hyena tooth); pronounced hi-YAY-no-don Habitat: Plains of North America, Eurasia, and Africa Historical Epoch: Late Eocene-Early Miocene (40-20 million years ago) Size and Weight: Varies by species; about one to five feet long and five to 100 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Slender legs; large head; long, narrow, tooth-studded snout About Hyaenodon The unusually long persistence of Hyaenodon in the fossil recordvarious specimens of this prehistoric carnivore have been found in sediments dating from 40 million to 20 million years ago, all the way from the Eocene to the early Miocene epochscan be explained by the fact that this genus comprised a large number of species, which ranged widely in size and enjoyed a nearly worldwide distribution. The largest species of Hyaenodon, H. gigas, was about the size of a wolf, and probably led a predatory wolf-like lifestyle (supplemented with hyena-like scavenging of dead carcasses), while the smallest species, the appropriately named H. microdon, was only about the size of a house cat. You might assume that Hyaenodon was directly ancestral to modern wolves and hyenas, but youd be wrong: the hyena tooth was a prime example of a creodont, a family of carnivorous mammals that arose about 10 million years after the dinosaurs went extinct and went extinct themselves about 20 million years ago, leaving no direct descendants (one of the biggest creodonts was the amusingly named Sarkastodon). The fact that Hyaenodon, with its four slender legs and narrow snout, so closely resembled modern meat-eaters can be chalked up to convergent evolution, the tendency for creatures in similar ecosystems to develop similar appearances and lifestyles. (However, bear in mind that this creodont didnt much resemble modern hyenas, except for the shape of some of its teeth!) Part of what made Hyaenodon such a formidable predator was its almost comically oversized jaws, which had to be supported by extra layers of musculature near the top of this creodonts neck. Like roughly contemporary bone-crushing dogs (to which it was only distantly related), Hyaenodon would likely snap the neck of its prey with a single bite, and then use the slicing teeth in the back of its jaws to grind down the carcass into smaller (and easier to handle) mouthfuls of flesh. (Hyaenodon was also equipped with an extra-long palate, which allowed this mammal to continue breathing comfortably as it dug into its meal.) What Happened to Hyaenodon? What could have edged Hyaenodon out of the spotlight, after millions of years of dominance? Thebone-crushing dogs referenced above are possible culprits: these megafauna mammals (typified by Amphicyon, the bear dog) were every bit as lethal, bite-wise, as Hyaenodon, but they were also better adapted for hunting scurrying herbivores across the wide plains of the later Cenozoic Era. One can imagine a pack of hungry Amphicyons denying a Hyaeonodon its recently killed prey, thus leading, over thousands and millions of years, to the eventual extinction of this otherwise well-adapted predator.

James C. Curtis, Andrew Jackson and the Search for Vindication Essay

James C. Curtis, Andrew Jackson and the Search for Vindication - Essay Example Throughout the start of the book, Curtis widely relates Andrew’s early encounters with his prospective motivations both in political and personal thoughts. Andrew Jackson personally participated in important national and international events within the period between, 1767 and 1845. For one, it is within this period that Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the U.S. serving between 1829 and 1837. During this period, he remained a polarizing figure and controlled the Second Party System. As a president, he demolished the national bank and repositioned most Indian tribes to the west of river Mississippi. Before this, Jackson had served as a politician and an army general who was able to defeat the Indians during the 1814 battle of Horseshoe Bend. Similarly, Andrew defeated the British forces during the 1815 battle of New Orleans. It is during this period that Jackson became a rich slaveholder and appealed to the United States’ common people. He is also known for po litically fighting against what he referred to as closed and undemocratic aristocracy, hence, the era of Jacksonian democracy. Another event that marks this period in Jackson’s life is the Nullification crisis. This crisis was characterized by the tariff issue that evidently established one of the most important elements of Jackson’s term as a president. ... Andrew Jackson was extraordinarily successful in national politics as he played a major role in it. For instance, the Americans viewed Jackson as the embodiment of success as he was a man who could overcome inseparable opposition through determination. Hence, he was referred to as the Man of Iron Will .One of his remarkable characteristics as president was his well-known inflexibility of purpose. Andrew Jackson has remained extraordinary, as he was able to close the second Bank of the United States. He did this in order to avoid the destruction that would befall the bank due to corruption. Another noticeable success of Jackson was his famous duel with Charles Dickson, as suggested by O'Brien (89). In the duel, he was able to use his wisdom and ended the life of Dickson. Hence, his behavior in the duel gave an example of animal courage and demonstrated his ability to conquer battles. Jackson also alleged in rights of the states. He asserted that there were firm limits in the constitut ion in as far as federal government authority was concerned. As a result, he supported the state of Georgia in its jurisdictional disagreement with the federal government concerning the Cherokees. Moreover, Jackson strived to advance the common person interest against his almost equally corrupt opponents. Andrew Jackson also had outspoken commitment to particular principles that led him to shaping his party. He was also consciously and honestly dedicated to working people whether in agriculture or industry and to the America’s democratization. As a result, he insisted to limited public economy and government apart from where the President’s power was required to defend the interest of the

Thoughts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thoughts - Essay Example The search that can be acceptable among all the people should define clearly what is involved and what is not. This will save the members of society from the intentional interference by the police. The current use of domestic drones has risked the people’s privacy a great deal (Lyle, 2012). Since they are very small and invisible, they can be anywhere anytime. This makes people insecure as their most private details can be easily accessed. The police have been trespassing people’s private places without and searched all places without permission from the owner (Supreme Court of the United States, 2012). They have as well seized private properties in the name of being abandoned. This is not lawful as it is against the rights of citizens. It tortures the minds of law abiding citizens as it does not differentiate between criminals and the obedient citizens. Through this form of search in place, many innocent people have been held responsible for the crimes they never commi tted (Orin, 2011). This is because if anything forbidden by the law is found in a curb, the immediate residents are held responsible. As the law even maintains that accused person is innocent until proved guilty, the police should wait for the permission from the property owners. ... This will definitely lead to a better meaning of search and hence a new definition. Response to question 2 I agree with this paragraph. The search which has no boundaries is likely to retrieve people’s privacy. This is because it does no abide with the directives of the fourth amendment which states that people should be secure in their persons, effects, papers and houses (Orin, 2011). Any search which does not guarantee people these forms of privacy is classified as intrusion. The boundaries that should be put in place are those which will improve the security of the nation while protecting the privacy rights of the people. The boundaries to be observed in searches should ensure that the unreasonable searches and seizures are not allowed. This will ensure that people’s privacy is effectively respected. These are the boundaries that should be observed in the modern definition of search. As the governments cannot stop collecting information for security reasons, this sho uld be done in a way that respects people’s privacy (Orin, 2011). The use of domestic drones though should be restricted; it should not be eliminated completely because they are crucial in maintaining security (Lyle, 2012). Other technological applications that collect information should not be fixed in private areas so as to avoid collection of information that violates people’s privacy. This way the current definition of search will be the most accurate and beneficial to protect the privacy of all law abiding citizens. This calls for the maintenance of the definition and its application so as to enable the security personnel to respect the privacy of all individuals by making sure that unreasonable

Neo-Malthusian Population Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Neo-Malthusian Population Control - Essay Example Celibacy, or sexual abstinence, struck Malthus as potentially an effective solution for solving the problem he himself diagnosed with human societies (Gilbert). As we should in contemporary liberal societies, most will find Malthus' conclusions unsettling, not only because of what they describe as in our future, but because of what his findings might justify in terms of government control. The kinds of methods that Neo-Malthusians suggest are necessary to protect the Malthusian catastrophe are undesirable at best and totalitarian at worst. Given this background, there are numerous theorists, from many different fields, who oppose the arguments of Neo-Malthusians by criticizing Thomas Malthus himself. One criticism is apparent in economist David D. Friedman, who concludes that the prospect of parents having "too many" children is unlikely. His first argument is that although parents may not always be the most rational in deciding to have a child, it is even more difficult for a government, which is the only alternative from having parents decide. Parents are, despite common concerns, rational decision-makers. As the Malthusian catastrophe nears, reasons Friedman, economic effects are felt on fertility. Friedman says, "Consider also the effect of economic conditions on fertility. At the bottom of a depression, with short term income low and long-term prospects-for both parents and children-bleak, birth rates should fall. They do" (Freidman). Julian

Interpersonal and Effective Communication Essay Example for Free

Interpersonal and Effective Communication Essay P.1 – Produce a guidance document explaining the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context for a new member of staff (using a hospital or care home setting) to include: Communication: text messaging, written, oral, signing, technology. Interpersonal interaction: language, non-verbal (choose 2 issues under each heading from unit specification page 3). Effective communication The role of effective communication is important in any work setting especially in any health care setting. Effective communication is when someone is getting a message across or explaining a topic fully with using the least information possible it is when information is transmitted accurately and simply such as in a hospital or care home information that any staff needs to know will be given to them in the easiest and simplest form possible. Communication although is not effective if the person you are giving the information to is not listening. Effective communication can be between colleagues or professionals and people using the services. There are many different forms of communication these include; †¢text messaging †¢written †¢Oral/verbal †¢ signing †¢ symbols †¢ touch †¢ music and drama †¢ arts and crafts †¢ Technology Text messaging This is done on an everyday basis this is done on devices such as mobile phones and computers. The messages are sent through a large ariel in space. Such as in a care home or nursery school the staff would sometimes keep in contact through text messages this is good for when they are out of work and can’t speak to each other. Written There are many different forms of written communication. Most of our communication is in written form. We have newspapers that tell us what’s happening round the world daily, also we have books about everything under the sun and we have magazines and leaflets that give information on health topics such as pregnancy, diabetes, care etc. Within in any health care setting this is important and comes into play in recording medical treatments or medicines, instructions on treatment and medication and also agreements between two people. Signing This is a way of communicating for those who are deaf they use their hands to speak. There is an official British sign language. This would come into health care frequently and in hospitals and care homes there should always be someone that knows this in case of a patient who is deaf. There are different contexts of communication these include; One to one this is one individual communicating to another individual such as in a conversation or email or instant messaging. This can occur on an everyday basis in any health care setting such as one nurse speaking to another nurse about a patient. Group This is when more than two people are communicating with each other this can range from 3 to any number such as a class lecture consisting of about 60 people. Group communication is effective as it sends the same information to the entire group at the same time. This can happen in a health care setting such as a care home when they have staff meetings. Formal This is when people use rules of language in either written or verbal communication such as in a letter from your doctor or either when you have an interview for a job. Formal communication comes into every health and social care setting such as when you’re in hospital and the doctor comes around to see you he would use formal language. Informal This is a more laid back type of communication such as if you were talking to your family or friends you don’t have to use rule of language and this can be present in some health and social care settings such as a social worker or key worker that you have known for perhaps a long time you would then be more comfortable with them and your language would be more laidback rather than formal. There are a few factors and skill that help in effective communication these include; †¢eye contact and visible mouth †¢body language †¢asking some questions †¢checking for understanding †¢silence †¢encouragement to continue †¢smiling face †¢summarising what has been said Interpersonal interaction Interpersonal interaction is the way in which we communicate and interact with each other. To have efficient communication skill in a health and social care setting is vital in helping building relationships with clients, to provide and receive information, understand and meet the needs of clients and to report on work done with clients. There are two type of interpersonal interaction these are language and non-verbal. Language Language consists of every day communication we use this on a day to day basis. There are many different types of language such as Spanish French German etc. and everybody has a first language even if they know a few our first language would be English. In a hospital there can be many people that come in on a day to day basis that don’t speak English but this can prove a barrier to communicating with that person. In most hospitals and care settings there would be a few nurses and doctors that would speak more than one language and if not an interpreter may have to be brought in. Dialect also comes under language this is the way certain people from certain places or cities speak such as wales would have a welsh dialect and England has an English dialect. This can happen in any care setting such as a care home when residents could be from different places and speak different ways the carers may not understand them as much but after a period of time they may get to know their dialect. Jargon would also come under language this is basically just a manner of talking that is very difficult to understand or even sometimes senseless. And slang would be another form of language this is very similar to dialect and is based on word people say that are not in the dictionary but a lot may know the meaning certain towns and places would have their own slang such as Derry city is well known for its slang. In a hospital if someone came in that was injured and they only talk in slang it can be very hard for the person treating them to understand although he person doing it may not even realise. We use speech everyday although some people cannot do this there are alternative ways for them to communicate with others such as picture cards for the deaf these would be cards that contain pictures on them of everyday things so that someone who cannot speak tell someone what they want or need or for someone who cannot hear so that the person communicating with them can tell them what they’re saying this would come into health care settings such as therapy like speech therapy there would be picture cards for children who cannot talk to communicate also there is electronic devices such as Light writers are small, robust, portable voice output communication aids (VOCA) specially designed to meet the particular and changing needs of people with speech loss resulting from a wide range of acquired, progressive and congenital conditions. Non-verbal Non-verbal is the way in which we interact and communicate with each other without speaking this can be in many different ways and we can do this without even knowing. These include posture that can portray to someone if you are interested of not if someone is talking to you and you’re sitting slouched and sloppy they may believe you’re not interested in what you’re saying. Facial expression can tell a person a lot such as if someone tells you something that is very surprising you would open your mouth and maybe gasp this shows the person that you are shocked without having to speak there are a number of different facial expressions for many different feelings such as happy sad angry scared etc. Reflective listening is another form such as if someone was telling you something and you are listening intensively then they know that you have got the message and that you are interested without having to ask you. Proximities is different things people need when communicating with someone such as your own personal space The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us is influenced by a number of factors including social norms, situational factors, personality characteristics and level of familiarity. For example, the amount of personal space needed when having a casual conversation with another person usually varies between 18 inches to four feet. All these non-verbal methods communication are used in any health and social care settings on an everyday basis such as I a hospital when a consultant has to talk to someone they would use their non-verbal communication along with verbal by having good posture when talking to the person having a low voice if giving the person bad news and would also use facial expressions when the patient is talking to them to maybe let them know they understand what they’re saying.

Devaluation and Economic Recovery During the 1930s.

Devaluation and Economic Recovery During the 1930s. a) Evaluate the evidence of the relationship between devaluation and economic recovery during the 1930s. b) Evaluate the mechanisms by which devaluation had an impact on economic recovery during the 1930s. Although a wide range of uncoordinated policies were implemented in the 1930s, including devaluation, it is possible to classify the major trading nations into different trade policy regimes (Kitson and Solomou, 1990): the sterling bloc that devalued with or soon after Britain and linked their currencies to sterling; other countries which also devalued either early (before 1932) or later (1932 and after); the exchange control group, that was reluctant to devalue for fear of inflation; and the gold bloc countries which remained, at least in the short term, committed to the system. During the 1929-32 depression, world output declined by more than 6% per annum. The sterling bloc exhibited the mildest contraction, with GDP falling by an annual rate of less than 2% per annum, and just 0.5% if Canada is excluded from the sample (Canada was particularly adversely affected by its large agricultural sector and its links with the United States). This suggests that devaluation policies may have helped to mitigate the adverse effects of the depression. Leaving gold provided less help for the other devaluers group although there is evidence that those who devalued early experienced a milder depression than those who delayed and devalued late. Thus, the timing of the policy response was important. The positive relationship between devaluation and the economic recovery in the 1930s is depicted in specific countries and some groups of countries. Eichengreen and Sachs (1985), claim that devaluation benefitted initiating countries, and Bernanke and James (1991) demonstrate a strong link between deflation, depression and adherence to gold in their analysis of 24 countries. Shibamoto and Shizume (2014) find that exchange rate shocks independently had strong influences on the real economy in Japan. Their historical decomposition demonstrates that the exchange rate contributed to production growth after Japan left Gold in December 1931. However, a limitation is that their results may contain measurement error because their effective exchange rate is constructed using 1917 weights. On the other hand, Reinhart and Reinhart (2009) argue against the hypothesis of a positive relationship between devaluation and the economic recovery in the 1930s. They find that their timing variable is insignificant and the date of exit from gold does not help to explain the depth or duration of the downturn when examining 37 countries. However, a limitation is that their results posits having a large number of countries does not necessarily improve the reliability of results. Other literature argues that national heterogeneity played an imperative role in determining the relationship between devaluation and recovery. Later when Reinhart and Reinhart repeated Eichengreens 14 country 1929-37 analysis but using real GDP per capita rather than Industrial production as a proxy for growth, they found significant results supporting a positive relationship between devaluation and the economic recovery during the 1930s. It can be affirmed that devaluation was a beggar-thy-neighbour policy, in which one country attempts to remedy its economic problems by means that tend to worsen the economic problems of other countries, and thus explains why we see the relationship between devaluation and recovery vary for different groups of countries. For the period of recovery, from 1932-37, most countries exhibited reasonable cyclical growth. The exception was the gold bloc countries. Constrained by their commitment to their exchange rate parities they had to adopt tight monetary and fiscal policies to maintain internal and external balance. Thus although output was depressed, the French government in the early 1930s adopted contractionary fiscal policies to prevent destabilising exchange rate speculation. Reinhart and Reinhart (2009) states that the benefits of competitive devaluation went to the first movers and for those that devalued later it merely allowed for catch-up for lost competitiveness. It can be seen that US monetary policy was hampered by beggar-thy-neighbour problems as almost all devaluations relative to gold produced an appreciation relative to the dollar. A simple comparison of growth performance during recovery can be misleading, as it will include both a cyclical component (the automatic recovery from a deep depression) and policy induced effects. An alternative is to examine inter-period, peak to peak growth performance. Looking at the change in the annual rate of growth of GDP during 1929-37 relative to 1924-29, the results for the world economy indicate a retardation of the growth path. This is consistent with other findings that the shock of the Great Depression had persistent effects on the level of output. The performance of the different policy regimes, however, provides important contrasts. The countries that devalued, particularly those that devalued early, experienced only a small (or zero) fall in trend growth. Those countries that had the limited benefits of exchange controls experienced a deterioration in annual growth of 3.3%. The poorest performing group was the gold bloc, which had little flexibility to initiate poli cies for domestic recovery. Further evidence of the striking contrasts in performance of different policy regimes is shown in figures for annual growth of industrial production. These indicate that those countries which devalued, and to a lesser extent those that introduced exchange controls, had a milder industrial depression, faster recovery and a better inter-period growth performance. Evidence on the unemployment performance of the different policy regimes shows that the high unemployment that developed during the depression persisted throughout the period of recovery. Only for the sterling bloc was there any fall in the unemployment rate; for the other regimes unemployment increased during 1933-37. In part this reflects employment lagging output, plus changing activity rates and demographic shifts. But it is also evidence of the persistent effects of the Great Depression, the long-term unemployed having difficulty re-entering the labour market. As always, there are some authors (Beenstock et al, 1984) who argue that it was wage movements that accounted for the cyclical fluctuations in output, both for the Great Depression and subsequent recovery. It is true that real wages (adjusted for price changes) did move counter-cyclically over the 1929-37 cycle in Britain rising relative to trend during the recovery but the causes of the output fluctuations lay elsewhere, and the timing of the wage fluctuations do not actually fit the claim that recession was caused by wage rises and recovery caused by wage cuts. We have shown elsewhere (Michie, 1987) that this wage-output correlation itself does not, in any case, hold outside those particular years a finding which reinforces the argument that the output and wage series are independently generated, with output influenced crucially by the level of demand for output and wages by factors such as productivity levels and bargaining strength. Growth and improved economic performance during the 1930s was dependent on countries untying themselves from strictures of the gold standard and adopting independent policies, with different exchange rate regimes created and with some countries also reaping the advantages of increased protectionism and fiscal expansion. What is apparent, however, is that the cooperative regime failed and uncoordinated policies were a vast improvement. Almunia et al (2010) finds large defence spending multipliers of 2.5 on impact and 1.2 after the initial year. These demonstrate the large potential impact fiscal spending could have on the economy. Moreover, in Japan real gross national expenditure rose by 45% 1931-36 alongside which the economy approached full employment. However, Almunias findings have limitations as multipliers reduce to 0.43 on impact and 0.13 when total government spending is used instead of defence spending. The absolute size of fiscal expenditure in countries was actually relati vely small and thus despite potentially large multipliers, was unable to drive the economic recovery in the 1930s. The use of uncoordinated policies may have led to some resource misallocation effects. The overriding impact, however, was positive as independent policies overcame the deflationary bias of the gold standard and led to increased resource mobilisation. Despite these economic gains some commentators persist in identifying the 1930s as a period of economic nationalism which helped to usher in totalitarian and fiscal political regimes. This is a complete misreading of history. The rise of racism and fascism in the 1920s and 1930s was fuelled by mass unemployment and the destructive economic policies imposed on Germany at Versailles and on the rest of the world by the gold standard. Keynes had warned as much in The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) and The Economic Consequences of Mr Churchill (1925), but to no avail. Currency stability was of greatest importance. Devaluation can have beneficial impacts through a number of mechanisms. First, it can directly alleviate the balance of payments constraint on growth. Shifts in relative prices and improved competitiveness can raise exports and depress imports. The conventional account of this process is that it is a beggar-my-neighbour policy (Healey and Levine, 1992), as the improvement in trade performance is reflected in an improving trade balance for the initiating country and a deteriorating trade balance for trading partners. This account, however, ignores the effects of an independently pursued trade policy on the level of economic activity. Increasing exports and reducing the propensity to import will raise the level of demand in the domestic economy. With unemployment and excess capacity, such a policy initiative will raise output and employment as well as leading to an income-induced increase in imports, so that there need be no change in the actual trade balance. Indeed, this is precisely the reason why, although Britain devalued and adopted widespread protectionism in 1931, the current account deficits persisted throughout the 1930s. If countries get locked into a pattern of trade which constrains domestic expansion, an active and independent trade policy provides one means of overcoming the problem without necessarily affecting adversely other trading partners. Empirical support for this mechanism is found in Eichengreen and Sachs (1985) where they found that countries who devalued were successful in raising their Tobins Q. However, there is a limitation, Tobins Q represents the incentive to invest as opposed to actual investment, hence this does not actually tell us if investment had a real effect on the economic recovery. Nevertheless, increased investment demand which resulted from devaluation is likely to have had significant effects on economic recovery. The second benefit of devaluation is that it removes the exchange rate constraint on domestic policy, encouraging expansionist policies. In particular, monetary policy can be relaxed and therefore interest rates can be determined by domestic economic conditions rather than by the need to maintain the exchange rate or by the need to prevent excessive loss of reserves. For instance, Britains suspension of the gold standard allowed the government to pursue a more expansionist policy after 1932. This cheap money policy has been identified as a permissive policy for economic revival, especially important in stimulating a housing boom. Conversely, the reason that the British Governments claims on September 16, 1992 (that it would remain in the ERM by raising interest rates as far as was necessary) lacked credibility was that raising interest rates by 5% in one day in the midst of the longest economic recession for 60 years was not believed to be a feasible policy option. Eichengreen and Sa chs (1985) explore a more general model and depict that devaluation might give rise to interest rate differentials among countries, creating not only the expenditure-increasing effect but also an expenditure-switching effect. Due to data limitations in the 1930s it is hard to draw strong inferences regarding the impact of devaluation on interest rates. Eichengreen and Sachs (1985) do however find a positive relationship between exchange rates of countries and changes in the CB discount rate. Support for this is provided by Almunia (2010) who finds that countries abandoning Gold were quicker to cut interest rates in response to the slump. However, Eichengreen and Sachs (1985) find that the CB discount rate does not reflect market conditions. Therefore, devaluation is likely to have reduced interest rates in devaluing countries boosting investment and spending. The positive effect of devaluation on export growth is likely to have given a positive short term gain effect to economic recovery. Bernanke and James (1991) find large and statistically significant results on output growth for real export growth. Shibamoto et al (2014) argue that anticipated devaluation generated expansionary expectational effects in Japan. However, their use of railway traffic is a very poor proxy for GDP and thus their results are unreliable given that they are generated from poor quality data. Instead, we support the thesis that expectational effects were seen with a lag of 1 to 2 year as it took time for people to learn the effects of devaluation. Hence, in the US we can explain the lack of a lag in expectational effects as US agents had learnt from the European experience of devaluation. Thus, there is support for an expectational mechanism through which devaluation impacted on economic recovery but with a 1 to 2 year lag. Devaluation and the accompanying intro duction of other expansionist policies also led to a third, less mechanistic, benefit. Under the prevailing world conditions of uncertainty and monetary and financial turbulence, the reorientation of policy towards the domestic economy improved business confidence. The prospect of a stable and growing economy encourages home producers to increase, or at least bring forward, investment and expand production.

Samson, Gregory, and the Herdsmen in Romeo and Juliet and Caius Marius

Samson, Gregory, and the Herdsmen in Romeo and Juliet and Caius Marius Throughout Shakespeare’s plays, there are minor characters that often occur for only one scene. These characters have a short dialogue which seems rather meaningless to the play; however, these dialogues usually foreshadow or summarize events and themes of the play. Although they have little effect on the movement of the play, they give insight into the underlying themes of the play. Comparing these minor characters and their scenes in three different versions of Romeo and Juliet (the Shakepeare edition, the Garrick edition, and Otway’s adaptation, Caius Marius) show the differences in the focus of each version. In the Shakepeare and Garrick versions, the minor characters are Samson and Gregory who appear as the play opens. In Otway’s version, the minor characters are the herdsmen in Act IV. Samson and Gregory in the Shakespeare Edition Samson and Gregory appear in Act I, Scene I of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Their playful dialogue sets the tone of the play and addresses one of its key issues, that of the feuding families. This feud leads to the fighting which takes place throughout the play, the first of which is begun by Samson and Gregory, servingmen of Capulet. In the play, most everyone has accepted the fighting between the Monatgues and Capulets, even Romeo battles, but some see the problems with the fighting while others merely fight blindly. Although Samson and Gregory both start the first brawl of the play, the two characters display the aforementioned difference of opinions on fighting. The first to speak, Samson, sees the fighting as something that he must do and he brags about his skill as a tyrant. He begins by saying, "On my word,... ...light key themes of the play. The Shakespeare version highlights the feud as a source of turmoil and distress. The Garrick, by omitting many passages, emphasizes the fighting instead of the reasoning behind the feud. The Otway, on the other hand, focuses on political strife and reflects the Exclusion Crisis and the threat of civil war in England at the time by reflecting these ideas in the feud. These small, but key passages, are important tools for gaining insight into the themes of the plays. Works Cited Canfield, J. Douglas. "Thomas Otway." Dictionary of Literary Biography. Ed. Paula R. Backsheider. vol 80. Rochester: The Gale Group, 1989. Hedgcock, Frank A. A Cosmopolitan Actor: David Carrick and His French Friends. Buffield and Company, 1912. Wallace, John M. "Otway’s Caius Marius and the Exclusion Crisis." Modern Philology. 85 (1998): 363-372.

Hate Crimes Agrumentative Paper Essay

On October 6, 1998, 21-year-old Matthew Shepard was beaten, tortured, tied to a fence, and left to die. He was rushed to a nearby hospital, but succumbed to his severe injuries 6 days later. A young man, who still had his whole life ahead of him, lost the chance to experience it because he was gay. Hate crimes, such as this case, still happen today and at an increasing rate, according to the statistics gathered by the U.S Department of Justice. A hate crime is a criminal offense against a person or property motivated by the offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, or sexual orientation. Harsher punishments must accompany hate crimes because of their unique characteristics such as the impact it has on the American society, their high possibility of recidivism, and the immense amount of psychological trauma these cases can create. Although individuals are free to believe in what they want, there is a limit to how much an individual can practice it. Hate crimes attac k the very base of American society, built on freedom and equality. This is where the line must be drawn. It is America’s job to ensure that freedom and equality is available to everyone without the oppression of any individuals who think otherwise. Hate crime offenders practice their beliefs to the point that their actions are no longer safe on the individuals against their views. As with any case under the American law, crimes become hate crimes if, and only if, there is sufficient evidence that the motive was a bias against the victim. For example, the Shepard case involved a witness, an attacker’s girlfriend, which stated that the suspect’s actions were triggered by â€Å"how he felt about gays.† The trials resulted in both suspects receiving an additional life sentence due to the hate crime evidence. Another famous case is the Zimmerman case which involved a Hispanic man who shot, and ultimately killed, an African-American teenager because he thought the teenager was suspicious. Although the majority of the public believed it was due to the teenagerâ€⠄¢s skin color, the Zimmerman case was not labeled a hate crime due to the insufficient amount of evidence, and Zimmerman was later acquitted by the jury. Those harsher punishments allow hate crimes to be feared, thus, stopping the problem before it happens. Whether labeled as a hate crime or not, cases like these  taint the American image of freedom and equality. Hate crimes have a much higher recidivism rate than unbiased crimes, such as burglary, because it is a more deep-rooted hatred in which cannot be eased with just the death or injury of just one person, but rather, the group as a whole. Recidivism is the legal term for the tendency of a criminal to relapse into the same behavior that individual was convicted for in the past. This makes the group or community much more afraid than if it was a crime of hatred towards a specific person. The fact is, hate crimes involve a much bigger set of victims. Everyone in that specific group could have been a target and would still be a target. These cases don’t just involve the victim in question, nor their family members, but, rather, a whole community. Hate crimes are different from other crimes since the offender sends, whether directly or indirectly, a message to the members of that group that they are unwelcome and unsafe in that particular neighborhood, school, or other environment. Based on the studies observed by the American Psychological Association, the targeted communities often lose their sense of security and safety, This leads to depression and low self-esteem in the members of that group. If the law puts the suspects back onto the streets without any attention on their motive against the race or sexual orientation of the victim, that specific group will feel unsafe due to the fact the motive did not matter at all in the trial. It is absolutely necessary to add the harsher punishment in order to, at least, ease the minds of the targeted community and to show that the motive against that community does matter. Hate crimes involve more than just a traditional act of violence. They involve a whole community and a whole society. Hate crimes affect the American image set upon freedom and equality. They are also motivated by something an individual can not control nor does any harm to the offender. The special circumstances that these crimes have need special attention, and the harsher punishments are just one of the ways to reduce the frequency of these horrid attacks.

How to Cite a Poem Like a Pro, Using MLA Formatting Style

How to Cite a Poem Like a Pro, Using MLA Formatting Style MLA Formatted Poem: The Most Comprehensive Guide You probably know that formatting makes up almost half of your success when it comes to a college paper. You may have outstanding ideas or research results but they won’t mean anything if you fail to meet professor’s requirements. There are many different formatting styles and MLA is undoubtedly one of the most popular ones. It may seem very simple at first but you should still master its peculiarities if you don’t want your work to get a low grade. Especially when it is about a poem and not prose. In this article we will give you all the necessary information on all of the MLA formatting requirements. Just use them and you will never have to wonder how to cite a poem properly! Poem citing: why it is important First of all, you need to understand why it is necessary to cite a poem according to all of the guidelines. While being in a literature, English or art class, you will surely need to deliver multiple essays, including: Compare and contrast; Descriptive; Critical; Reflective; Classification; Argumentative, etc. Once you complete such essays or other works, you will achieve outstanding results in citing not only books but also poems. Here is what you must know about poem citing: Every time you want to include a phrase or an idea of the author from the source text, you must use citations. In other cases, it will be considered plagiarism and you will get yourself into big troubles; Explain why borrowed ideas are important for the goals of your paper; In case you paraphrase the author’s ideas there is no need to use quotation marks but you should always use in-text citing at the end of the paraphrased part; Every time you mention the title of the poem, put it into quotation marks; In case you need to delete a line or even more from the analyzed poem, you need to use ellipses. There is nothing wrong in deleting certain sections but you should indicate it in your text. Peculiarities of MLA Style MLA formatting style is an abbreviation for a Modern Language Association and is considered the most popular one, used for writing all sorts of papers, including poems reviews. Mainly MLA Style is used for liberal arts and humanities, and considered quite simple to master. However, it contains a range of requirements, which you need to master. Unfortunately, learning MLA formatting peculiarities is quite boring and time consuming, because it consists of many rules and requirements. It has a separate list of regulations when it comes to poem citing and if you don’t follow all of them, your text may be considered plagiarism and you may have to rewrite everything anew. However, if you are reading this article, you already know why formatting is so important and you just need to remember all the rules. We have collected all of them and you can get back to our text any time you are asked to use MLA formatting style. Citing quotes: MLA formatting peculiarities Once in a while, when you refer to a poem you may need to insert quotes to support your point of view and show that you have read the given piece. Citing means that you put exact parts of the source text into your own. MLA formatting style offers several ways of adding direct and indirect quotations to the text. Everything depends on the length of the piece. Short quotes, which are shorter than 3 lines; Long quotes that are longer than 3 lines and consist of several paragraphs. From time to time, you will also have to insert built-in citations to give an explanation to your thoughts or to explain parts, which have no meaning. However, never insert parts that are unnecessary or can be avoided. Some students think that it is very easy to find a quote and simply copy-paste parts to show that they have read the whole poem. However, choosing the best citing part is quite difficult, because you need to find an example, which renders the meaning of the poem in the best way. You won’t be able to select such a part without excellent research skills. Citing poem’s title properly You should always start citing from the first line, i.e. from poem’s title. You can either use italics or quotation marks. The choice depends on the length of the title you are going to cite. If it is a short title, you can put it into quotation marks. For example, ‘Forever young’, ‘My own battle’, etc. When the title is longer, it is better to use italics: A girl with a broken heart, The noble heart of my man. 5 useful tips on citing a poem, using MLA style When you work with an MLA formatting style, there is nothing simpler than citing a poem. It will only require a few minutes of your time and almost no efforts. If you want to save your time and don’t want to read tons of guidelines, you can simply stick to our rules. Every time you need to quote a poetry piece, either it is a single phrase or a big paragraph, you should place it in a citation with quotation marks on both sides. Use parentheses if you want to show what the author said exactly. Don’t forget to put punctuation outside the parenthesis. You can also put a number of a certain line after the quote. Here is an example: According to the author’s lyrics, â€Å"every soul will always find its path† (2). If you want to quote passages, which come one after another, you can type in the virgule to show where the lines divide. Place author’s name in parenthesis, divided with a hyphen; In case you need to insert four or more lines, use a so-called long quotation, which is sometimes named ‘block quote’. Write a signal phrase in the starting of the quote; indent twice and double space. Leave all the punctuation marks, as they appeared in the source text; All other parts of the poem should appear as if you are citing prose, considering all the rights of the author; Not depending what part you are quoting, always proofread quotations and edit them if necessary. How to cite poems in an MLA style Every successful student knows that it is important to master the required formatting style even before writing an essay itself, because it is as important, as https for the website’s address. There are multiple ways how to get started: get familiar with examples online, find an academic source or guideline, which is dedicated to a particular writing style. Don’t forget to read the poem itself, because you won’t be able to detect which parts of the source text you need to quote and where to place them. Before working on a proper citing, you need to estimate the length of the chosen part to identify its type. Short quotes are those, which are smaller than three lines. Don’t forget to follow this rule any time you are citing a poetry part not depending on the type of your assignment. Rules of a correct citing: Always use quotation marks, when you want to add a direct quote of the initial piece; Make sure you mention the title of the poetry, the name of the author and number of the page or line; Don’t forget about punctuation at the end of the quotation in parenthesis; If exclamation or question marks belong to the cited piece, put them inside quotation marks; Put them outside if they are not present in the original quote; All of the quotations should be fully reflected in the Bibliography (the last page of your essay), using MLA formatting style. Example of MLA citing When you insert a quotation to the text, make sure you put ‘/’ instead of breaks with a space on both sides. If you add a parenthetical quotation you can place the line number, not the page. Don’t forget to capitalize lines after the slash. However, this rule doesn’t apply to cite a secondary source. For example, As she claimed, â€Å"Until the rain came pouring / Until the wind surrounded us / We were there for each other† (23-25). You must provide a number of the line only in case if the source also shared them in parentheses. A number of lines is placed after quotation marks, before the punctuation. How to add long quotes, using MLA Format A long quote is a piece of a poem, which is longer than three lines. It has its own formatting peculiarities and here are the main steps how to use an MLA style: You should use a separate block of text; Don’t use quotation marks; Start a quotation from a fresh line; Every first word of a new paragraph should be indented. This rule is applied only if you need to quote more than two paragraphs; Use double-spaced in your quote; Don’t forget to use a parenthetical citation after you place the final punctuation. For example, If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or, being lied about, dont deal in lies, Or being hated dont give way to hating, And yet dont look too good, nor talk too wise;(5-8). How to apply APA Formatting style Now, when you know all of the peculiarities of an MLA formatting style, we offer you to get familiar with APA, which is also popular among students and is usually applied in social sciences. Here are the basic APA formatting rules: If you want to quote a piece of poem, which is shorter than 40 words, you need to enter quotation marks; If you need to include two or more lines of one poem, you should show the line breaks, using a slash between them; In case you want to include a big paragraph to your text, use block quotations and start them with a new line. Rules of using APA poetry citing in a proper way Explain why you have chosen a certain part. Provide a comment or feedback and give the reader information on why the quote is important for your essay. Make sure you really choose a piece, which fully reflects your ideas; Built-in quotes. You can not only place quotes separately but also embed them into your sentences, placing anywhere you want: at the beginning, at the end or in the central part of the sentence. Don’t forget to place quotation marks and provide information about the author; Skipping words. If you are using an APA format to quote a poem and want to miss out certain words or phrases, you can use ellipses. For example, ‘there she stood with bare feet† (12). If you want to add any grammar changes, you should type your comments in brackets. Final guidelines It doesn’t matter if the quoted piece is short or long: any time you want to change it in order to adjust to your text, it is necessary to use a three-spaced period to show the omitted part; Skip all the insignificant details. It is more than simple to delete such parts: simply replace them with three-spaced periods; If you want to add your own comments or interpretations to the quoted part, you should indicate them in square brackets; Don’t add too many quotations. You may be tempted to include many quotes from the given piece to show how well you have worked with the source text. However, they may distract the reader and make the text difficult to read. Actually, quotations should occupy only a small part of an essay. In case you can’t do without citing, it is better to rewrite or paraphrase words and sentences, indicating authorship. Conclusion In this article we have discussed how to use MLA formatting style for citing a poem not depending on the size of the quoted piece. While using quotes is the best way to show that you have read the source text and understood author’s ideas, it is important to quote everything properly. If you still find it difficult to add a quote to your essay and examples from our article don’t help, there is another effective solution. You can contact our writing service and get academic assistance with the assignment. Our professional writers, proofreaders and editors know everything about citing and formatting, even if the required style is rare and complicated. We guarantee that you will get only the highest grades and your professor won’t suspect that you weren’t the author. You can always turn to us for assistance or advice and we guarantee outstanding results for a reasonable price. Let us make a step forward to your academic success together!